雅思语法从句详解：提升阅读与写作的关键技巧

雅思语法从句详解：提升阅读与写作的关键技巧

在备考雅思的过程中，掌握扎实的语法知识对于提高阅读和写作能力至关重要。本文将深入解析雅思写作中常见的从句类型，包括限定性定语从句、表语从句、以及形式主语从句等，并提供丰富的例句和实用句型，帮助考生更好地理解和应用。

一、限定性定语从句

定义：限定性定语从句通过句子来修饰名词，使名词的含义更加具体明确。这种从句对先行词（即被修饰的名词）有严格的限定作用，不能省略。

关系词：关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）和关系副词（where, when, why）在限定性定语从句中起着关键作用。

• 关系代词：

1.当先行词为人时，可使用who, whom, whose, that。

• 作主语：The woman (who/that) is loved by her students is a responsible teacher.
• 作宾语：The girl (whom/who/that) we are talking about is a good friend.
• 作定语：I know a friend (whose/of whom) sister is a famous dancer.

2.当先行词为物时，可使用which, that, whose。

• 作主语或宾语：These are the trees (which/that) are destroyed in the fire.
• 作定语：The children saw an elephant (whose/of which) legs were hurt badly.

• 关系副词：

1. 地点：In the sixth century BC, ancient Greece was a country (where) there were a lot of new ideas.
2. 时间：Plato lived at a time (when) philosophy was very fashionable.
3. 原因：Can you tell me the reason (why) you lied to me?

二、表语从句

表语从句在雅思写作中用于表达复杂观点或说明，常由that、whether等引导。以下是一些常用句型：

1. The first thing to be mentioned is that...
2. Another point to be considered is that...
3. My view is that...
4. A hot topic discussed by people is whether...
5. A is to B what C is to D (类比句型)

三、必备从句类型（5.5分以上）

1.定语从句：

经典句型：The reason(s) why... 用于解释原因。

• E.g.: There may be some reasons why entertainment stars earn high salaries, but overall I agree that they are overpaid.

2.宾语从句：

用于表达观点，常用that引导。

• E.g.: A growing number of parents believe that being overly dependent on social networking websites only makes their children more isolated in the real world.

3.状语从句：

种类繁多，包括时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句。

• 时间：The related sectors should take effective measures the moment the problem appears.
• 地点：Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
• 原因：As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads.
• 条件：The government will increase its support for public education, provided that such funds can be put to good use.
• 让步：While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.

四、形式主语从句

形式主语从句用于简化句子结构，使句子更加流畅。其基本结构为“It + be动词 + that从句”。

常用句型：

• It is often the case that...
• It’s a fact that...
• It seems that...
• It’s said that...
• It’s reported that...
• It’s universally accepted that...
• It cannot be denied that...等

通过掌握上述语法知识和句型，考生可以在雅思写作中更加灵活地运用从句，使文章结构更加清晰，表达更加准确。希望本文能为广大考生提供有益的参考和帮助。